Diversity, Pathogenicity, and Fungicide Sensitivity of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Apple Anthracnose in South Korea

Abstract

Apple fruits with anthracnose symptoms were collected from commercial apple orchards in different regions of the Republic of Korea, and isolations were made on potato dextrose agar to isolate the causal agents. The fungal isolates were identified based on their morphological characteristics, growth rates, and multigene sequences. Nine isolates were identified via phylogenetic analysis: three Colletotrichum fructicola, two C. fioriniae, one C. gloeosporioides sensu stricto (s.s.), two C. nymphaeae, and one C. siamense isolates. The pathogenicity of the Colletotrichum isolates was tested using detached apple fruits under laboratory conditions. This study also reidentified six Colletotrichum isolates responsible for apple anthracnose, which were deposited in the Korean Agricultural Culture Collection. Among the six isolates, three were identified as C. siamense (deposited as C. gloeosporioides s.s.), and three were C. nymphaeae (deposited as C. acutatum s.s.). All the Colletotrichum species identified in this study were highly sensitive to tebuconazole in terms of inhibition of mycelial growth (EC50 value of 0.12 to 2.1 μg/ml).