Genetic Diversity and Geographical Distribution of Phytoplasmas Associated with Potato Purple Top Disease in Mexico

Abstract

Potato purple top (PPT) disease has caused severe economic losses in some potato (Solanum tuberosum) growing areas of Mexico. Two distinct phytoplasma strains belonging to the aster yellows and peanut witches'-broom groups (16SrI and 16SrII groups) have been associated with PPT disease in several regions of Mexico. However, there has been no previous large-scale survey in the main potato growing areas in Mexico to analyze the diversity and geographical distribution of phytoplasmas. Potato samples were collected between 2003 and 2006 and were analyzed by nested polymerase chain reaction assays. On the basis of results from nucleotide sequence comparisons and virtual restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 16S rDNA, four different phytoplasma groups were detected in potato growing areas in Mexico. The aster yellows group (16SrI) ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’ was distributed in all potato growing areas, whereas peanut witches'-broom group (16SrII) ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia’ was detected in Guanajuato and Sinaloa, X-disease group (16SrIII) was detected in Coahuila and Guanajuato, and the Mexican periwinkle virescence (16SrXIII) was only detected in Sinaloa. Phytoplasmas from X-disease and Mexican periwinkle virescence groups were detected in potato samples for the first time in Mexico.