Effects of Copper-Based Fungicides on Foliar Gas Exchange in Tart Cherry

Abstract

In the Great Lakes region of the United States, cherry growers are poised to re-adopt copper-based fungicides to manage cherry leaf spot disease (CLS), caused by Blumeriella jaapii. However, application of copper is often associated with leaf bronzing. In growth chamber experiments, bronzing was observed on foliage of tart cherry (Prunus cerasus ‘Montmorency’) seedlings 1 week following application of a copper-based fungicide, only when leaves were also exposed to nightly dew. In potted, 1-year-old trees outdoors, light-saturated rates of net CO2 assimilation (A) and stomatal conductance (gs) were not affected by treatment with copper sulfate, chlorothalonil, tebuconazole, or trifloxystrobin compared to a nonsprayed control. In 2005 and 2006, A and gs were measured during late summer on leaves of mature trees in an orchard subjected to the following fungicide programs: synthetic fungicides only; synthetic fungicides integrated with copper-based fungicides; or not sprayed. Bronzing symptoms were observed on trees sprayed with copper. Regression analysis revealed that neither A nor gs decreased as leaf surface area affected by bronzing increased (R2 = 0.004, P = 0.80 and R2 = 0.006, P = 0.74, respectively). Leaf bronzing associated with application of copper-based fungicides may therefore be inconsequential to foliar gas exchange in tart cherry during late summer.