Virulence, Aggressiveness, and Fungicide Sensitivity of Phytophthora spp. Associated with Soybean in Illinois

Abstract

Phytophthora root and stem rot (PRR), caused by Phytophthora sojae, is one of the most devastating oomycete diseases of soybean in Illinois. Single resistant genes (Rps) are used to manage this pathogen, but P. sojae has adapted to Rps causing failure of resistance in many regions. In addition to P. sojae, recent reports indicate that Phytophthora sansomeana could also cause root rot in soybean. Soil samples and symptomatic plants were collected across 40 Illinois counties between 2016 and 2018. Phytophthora sojae (77%) was more abundant than P. sansomeana (23%) across Illinois fields. Both species were characterized by virulence, aggressiveness, and fungicide sensitivity. Virulence of all P. sojae isolates was evaluated using the hypocotyl inoculation technique in 13 soybean differentials. Aggressiveness was evaluated in the greenhouse by inoculating a susceptible cultivar and measuring root and shoot dry weight. On average, P. sojae isolates were able to cause disease on six soybean differentials. P. sojae was more aggressive than P. sansomeana. All isolates were sensitive to azoxystrobin, ethaboxam, mefenoxam, and metalaxyl. The characterization of the population of species associated with PRR will inform management decisions for this disease in Illinois.