Secreted in Xylem 6 (SIX6) Mediates Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae Race 1 Avirulence on FW1-Resistant Strawberry Cultivars

Author:

Dilla-Ermita Christine Jade12,Goldman Polly1,Anchieta Amy1,Feldmann Mitchell J.2,Pincot Dominique D. A.2,Famula Randi A.2,Vachev Mishi2,Cole Glenn S.2,Knapp Steven J.2,Klosterman Steven J.1,Henry Peter M.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Crop Improvement and Protection Research, USDA-ARS, 1636 E. Alisal St., Salinas, CA 93905

2. Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616

Abstract

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae ( Fof) race 1 is avirulent on cultivars with the dominant resistance gene FW1, while Fof race 2 is virulent on FW1-resistant cultivars. We hypothesized there was a gene-for-gene interaction between a gene at the FW1 locus and an avirulence gene ( AvrFW1) in Fof race 1. To identify a candidate AvrFW1, we compared genomes of 24 Fof race 1 and three Fof race 2 isolates. We found one candidate gene that was present in race 1, was absent in race 2, was highly expressed in planta, and was homologous to a known effector, secreted in xylem 6 ( SIX6). We knocked out SIX6 in two Fof race 1 isolates by homologous recombination. All SIX6 knockout transformants (Δ SIX6) gained virulence on FW1/fw1 cultivars, whereas ectopic transformants and the wildtype isolates remained avirulent. Δ SIX6 isolates were quantitatively less virulent on FW1/fw1 cultivars Fronteras and San Andreas than fw1/fw1 cultivars. Seedlings from an FW1/fw1 × fw1/fw1 population were genotyped for FW1 and tested for susceptibility to a SIX6 knockout isolate. Results suggested that additional minor-effect quantitative resistance genes could be present at the FW1 locus. This work demonstrates that SIX6 acts as an avirulence factor interacting with a resistance gene at the FW1 locus. The identification of AvrFW1 enables surveillance for Fof race 2 and provides insight into the mechanisms of FW1-mediated resistance. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

Funder

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service

California Strawberry Commission

USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture

Publisher

Scientific Societies

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