Disease Progress of Black Dot on Tomato Roots and Reduction in Incidence with Foliar Applied Fungicides

Abstract

Progression of black dot caused by Colletotrichum coccodes was determined at regular intervals on roots of processing tomatoes growing in a naturally infested field. In 1993 and 1994, C. coccodes was first isolated from tomato roots 30 and 37 days after transplanting, respectively, which corresponded to the opening of flowers in the first flower clusters. Black dot incidence increased rapidly from the time when large green fruit were present to production of mature red fruit. In both years, C. coccodes was isolated from the roots of 97% of the plants at the postharvest sampling date (162 days after transplanting). Areas under the incidence disease progress curves were not significantly different in the 2 years of study (1993 = 83.5, 1994 = 86.9). Root decay was severe at the postharvest sampling, and sclerotia of C. coccodes were abundant on the roots. C. coccodes was isolated from 38 and 44% of the root segments in 1993 and 1994, respectively. Areas under the disease progress curves for infected root segments were not significantly different in the 2 years of study (1993 = 25.8, 1994 = 33.9). In a separate study, chlorothalonil (2.5 kg/ha) or mancozeb (1.68 kg/ha) was applied at 7-, 10-, or 14-day intervals to tomato plants. Recovery of C. coccodes from root segments at harvest (113 to 118 days after transplanting) was significantly reduced in the chlorothalonil 7- or 10-day and mancozeb 10-day interval treatments in both years. However, the percentage of plants with black dot was not consistently reduced by fungicide applications.