Potential of an Indigenous Fungus, Plectosporium tabacinum, as a Mycoherbicide for Control of Arrowhead (Sagittaria trifolia)

Author:

Chung Young Ryun1,Koo Suk Jin2,Kim Heung Tae3,Cho Kwang Yun4

Affiliation:

1. Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Gyeongsang National University, Chinju 660-701, Korea

2. Senior Scientist, Agrochemical Research Center, LG Chemical Ltd., Science Town, Taejeon 305-380, Korea

3. Senior Scientist

4. Director, Screening and Toxicology Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Taejeon 305-384, Korea

Abstract

An isolate of the indigenous fungus Plectosporium tabacinum was isolated from arrowhead (Sagittaria trifolia) in Yusung, Korea in 1990 and evaluated in laboratory and growth chamber tests as a potential mycoherbicide. The fungus grew comparatively slowly on potato dextrose agar and corn meal agar, attaining a diameter of 65 mm after 12 days at 25°C. Conidia were mass-produced in shake-cultures or in a fermentor using potato dextrose broth containing yeast extract (0.5%, wt/vol) at 25°C. When arrowhead seedlings at the 2- to 3-leaf stage were inoculated with conidial suspensions (2 × 107 conidia/ml) and incubated in a dew chamber for 18 h at 25°C, the plants developed small, brown spots on the leaves and petioles in 2 days, and were blighted completely within 7 days after inoculation. This effect was consistent on arrowhead plants from the 2- to 5-leaf stage. Another arrowhead species, S. pygmaea, was as susceptible as S. trifolia to the pathogen. Several crops, including rice, barley, and wheat and 34 other common weed species, were immune. In small-scale field tests in paddy fields during the summers of 1992 and 1993, a mean reduction of 71.3% in the number of arrowhead plants was observed following a foliar spray of a conidial suspension (107 conidia/ml). These results indicate that P. tabacinum has potential as a selective mycoherbicide for arrowhead control.

Publisher

Scientific Societies

Subject

Plant Science,Agronomy and Crop Science

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