Elimination of Phytoplasmas in Rubus Mother Plants by Tissue Culture Coupled with Heat Therapy

Abstract

Phytoplasmas are plant-pathogenic bacteria that cause a disease in Rubus species which is referred to as Rubus stunt. As phytoplasmas can be spread by vegetative propagation and latency periods of Rubus stunt can be up to one year, the use of pathogen-free Rubus propagation material in plant nurseries is important in order to stop the spread of this disease. Even though heat therapy has been commonly applied against viruses in many plants, its potential for phytoplasma eradication has been much less explored. Here, the efficacy of heat therapy with subsequent tissue culture to eliminate phytoplasmas from infected raspberry and blackberry plants is evaluated. Heat therapy was performed on 25 phytoplasma-infected raspberry and 33 infected blackberry plants, out of which 100 raspberry and 65 blackberry plants were regenerated via subsequent tissue culture. All plants were negative for the presence of phytoplasma DNA by qPCR at the end of cultivation periods of 481 to 565 days for the treated raspberry plants and 231 to 337 days for the treated blackberry plants. These results show the suitability of heat therapy combined with tissue culture as a routine tool to ensure the presence of phytoplasma-free Rubus mother plants in nurseries.