Peach Rusty Spot Epidemics: Management with Fungicide, Effect on Fruit Growth, and the Incidence-Lesion Density Relationship

Abstract

Different numbers of consecutive fungicide applications, beginning at petal fall and continuing into the summer, were examined for their effect on rusty spot epidemics. Disease progressions for each fungicide level were quantified by fitting either the logistic or monomolecular model. When the weighted absolute infection rate (ρ) and maximum disease level (Kmax) parameters were expressed as functions of the number of applications, the logistic decline model provided the best fit for five of six data sets. This model described a gradual decrease in ρ and Kmax in response to the initial fungicide application, a rapid decline in parameter values with the addition of one or two applications, and a diminished parameter response as fungicide applications continued toward the end of the epidemic. Based on examination of model behavior across all 3 years of the study, adequate management was achieved with a total of three to five fungicide applications. Additional analyses of area under the disease progress curve and final disease intensity at harvest supported these results and indicated that further reduction in fungicide usage may be possible. Unlike earlier findings, rusty spot did not significantly decrease fruit volume or weight at midseason or at harvest; as lesion density increased, fruit volume remained constant. The relationship between disease incidence and lesion density within any given year was best explained by the zero-intercept version of the exponential model. However, comparison of model parameters across years revealed significant seasonal variation. Nevertheless, the incidence-lesion density relationships were fairly uniform across years at incidence values below 0.5, where lesion density increased gradually and in a near-linear fashion.