Population Subdivision and the Frequency of Aflatoxigenic Isolates in Aspergillus flavus in the United States

Author:

Drott Milton T.1ORCID,Fessler Lauren M.1,Milgroom Michael G.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853

Abstract

Consumption of food contaminated with aflatoxin, from crops infected by Aspergillus flavus, is associated with acute toxicosis, cancer, and stunted growth. Although such contamination is more common in the lower latitudes of the United States, it is unclear whether this pattern is associated with differences in the relative frequencies of aflatoxigenic individuals of A. flavus. To determine whether the frequency of the aflatoxin-producing ability of A. flavus increases as latitude decreases, we sampled 281 isolates from field soils in two north-south transects in the United States and tested them for aflatoxin production. We also genotyped 161 isolates using 10 microsatellite markers to assess population structure. Although the population density of A. flavus was highest at lower latitudes, there was no difference in the frequency of aflatoxigenic A. flavus isolates in relation to latitude. We found that the U.S. population of A. flavus is subdivided into two genetically differentiated subpopulations that are not associated with the chemotype or geographic origin of the isolates. The two populations differ markedly in allelic and genotypic diversity. The less diverse population is more abundant and may represent a clonal lineage derived from the more diverse population. Overall, increased aflatoxin contamination in lower latitudes may be explained partially by differences in the population density of A. flavus, not genetic population structure.

Funder

National Institute of Food and Agriculture

Publisher

Scientific Societies

Subject

Plant Science,Agronomy and Crop Science

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