Variation in Pathogenicity and Subsequent Production of Sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Isolates in Different Cover Crops, Flower Strips, and Weeds

Abstract

Cover crops and flower strips are used in agricultural fields as part of integrated pest management strategies. However, their potential as secondary hosts of soilborne pathogens such as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in oilseed rape cultivation is not fully comprehended. In the current study, we evaluated the effect of pathogen virulence on the development of Sclerotinia stem/leaf rot and sclerotia production in 33 plant species from 11 botanical families using two S. sclerotiorum isolates. Furthermore, the effect of sclerotial size on carpogenic germination was studied. Results showed that the pathogen’s virulence significantly affected the occurrence and development of Sclerotinia stem/leaf rot and the subsequent production of sclerotia. Among all plant species tested, 26 were more susceptible to the highly aggressive S. sclerotiorum isolate, which produced more and bigger sclerotia in 17 species than the less aggressive isolate. Moreover, a stronger positive correlation was found between the relative lesion length of plants inoculated with the highly aggressive isolate and the number of sclerotia produced by this isolate (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient [rs] = 0.572; P = 0.004). Additionally, we found that larger and heavier sclerotia produced stipes and apothecia earlier and at a greater rate than smaller ones. The heavyweight class had the highest carpogenic germination rate (82.4%), followed by the average (67.2%) and lightweight classes (59.5%). Our findings highlight the need for further investigation into the potential risks associated with cover crops, weeds, and flower strips as secondary hosts of soilborne pathogens in agricultural fields.