Diagnostic value of strain elastography and shear wave elastography in differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Conventional B-mode breast ultrasonography, though the primary modality to determine benign or malignant nature of a solid breast lesion, sometimes encounters overlapping sonographic morphological features in a single lesion. Elastography leads to improvement by evaluating the structural aspects and characterization of the lesion as benign or malignant on the basis of multi-parametric assessment. OBJECTIVE: Determine the role of strain elastography (SE) and shear wave elastography (SWE) in differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions. DESIGN: Cross sectional SETTING: Radiology department of hospital PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients meeting inclusion criteria referred to our hospital for ultrasonography followed by biopsy or surgical excisions were examined with B-mode ultrasonography and by both strain and shear wave elastography. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mean values of SE and SWE in benign and malignant breast lesions, determination of cutoff using AUC curves and sensitivity and specificity of both techniques. SAMPLE SIZE: One hundred breast lesions from 95 consecutive patients. RESULTS: The mean (SD) strain elastography ratio in the overall patient population was 4.1 (2.0). Cutoff for benign vs. malignant lesions was 2.86 on the ROC curve. The AUC was 0.911 (95%CI; 0.835-0.988: SE, 0.039) with a sensitivity of 95.8% and a specificity of 89.3%. For the SWE kPa values, the ROC curve showed the AUC was 0.929 (95% CI, 0.870-0.988; SE: 0.030, P <.001). Assigning 45.3 as a cut off value provided a sensitivity of 95.8% with a specificity of 85.7%; the positive predictive value was 94.5% and the negative predictive value was 89.6%. The Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category alone was able to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions with a sensitivity of 91.7% and a specificity 100% keeping the cut off value between 4a and 4b. The area under the ROC curve was 0.979. Combining the three (BI-RADS + SE + SWE) distinguished benign vs. malignant lesions with a sensitivity up to 100% and specificity up to 96.3%. CONCLUSION: Combining SE and SWE as a complementary tool with conventional B-mode ultrasonography has a significant potential for better characterization of solid breast lesions and decreasing unnecessary biopsies of BI-RADS IVa lesions. LIMITATIONS: Single institution study. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.