From Matchlocks to Machine Guns: The Modernisation of the Tibetan Army’s Firearms Between Local Production and Import (1895-1950)

Author:

Travers Alice1

Affiliation:

1. Centre de recherche sur les civilisations de l’Asie orientale; Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris, France

Abstract

Between 1895 and 1950, the Tibetan government took several steps to improve the firearms and artillery of its troops, setting up local factories and negotiating with foreign powers to purchase arms manufactured abroad. These imports were directly related to the political relationship with these countries and required the introduction and diffusion of new knowledge and techniques among Tibetan troops. Based on Tibetan and English sources, this article discusses some of the challenges met by the Tibetan government in this process and gives an overview of the variety of modern firearms that the Tibetan army used in the early twentieth century.

Publisher

Edizioni Ca Foscari

Subject

Political Science and International Relations,Linguistics and Language,Sociology and Political Science,Religious studies,Cultural Studies

Reference60 articles.

1. India Office records (IOR, British Library, London): Series L/P&S 7, L/P&S 10, L/P&S 12 and L/P&S 20.

2. Copy of a written order from the amban which forbids the manufacture and storage of weapons dated 1910 (Document 10, vol. 1, 577 and vol. 3, 732), Qing dai Xizang di fang dang an wen xian xuan bian, Xizang Zizhiqu dang an guan bian. Beijing: Zhongguo Zang xue chu ban she, 2017.

3. Report of a Tibetan named Tamdrin selling bullets (Document 157, vol. 1, 158 and vol. 3, 720) Qing dai Xizang di fang dang an wen xian xuan bian, Xizang Zizhiqu dang an guan bian. Beijing: Zhongguo Zang xue chu ban she, 2017.

4. Letter by the Ninth Panchen Lama to Colonel W.F. O’Connor, undated (IET Ms. 3, Institut d’Etudes Tibétaines, Collège de France, Paris [online]: https://salamandre.college-de-france.fr/archives-en-ligne/ark:/72507/r11200zkpckvqk/f1?context=ead::FR075CDF_000IET002_de-309 (2019-09-01).

5. Bla phyag mkhan chung thub bstan bstan pa. “Grwa bzhi glog ’phrul khang ngo mtshar mtha’ klas rig ’phrul gter mdzod khang chen po’i byung rim dran yul du gang zin bkod pa”. Rang myong drang brjod kyi zin bris. Dharamsala: Bod gzhung phyi dril las khungs, 2003, 95-152.

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