Study of tomato breeding forms based on a complex of biological and economic characteristics

Abstract

In Dagestan, there are local varieties of tomatoes that have valuable economic and biological characteristics: good yield, excellent taste qualities of fruits, high technological qualities, etc. In this regard, the Apple variety is of interest. However, the Apple variety is uneven and represents a motley population. There are deviations – low-yielding, weak-leaved, strongly exposed to sunburn, with different fruit shapes from rounded to flat. Fruit ripening also occurs at different times. Some plants bear fruit early, others-late. The research was carried out in order to improve the local Apple variety by the method of intra-variety family selection. The forms that meet the set goals are highlighted. These include numbers 22.43 and 56 from the early–maturing group, mid–late - 1a, 3, 3a, and 6a. Early–ripening forms 22, 43 and 56 had an advantage over the control in yield by 4.0 - 12.4 t/ha, i.e. by 7.1 - 22.1%, yield of commercial fruits by 5.9 -14.4t/ha or by 11.6 -28.5%, early yield by 1.4 – 3.7 t/ha. Mid-late - 3a, 1a, 3, 6a, had a yield higher by 5.0 – 11.3 t/ha or 10 -11.3%, the yield of commercial fruits was 6.8 -12.8 t/ha or 13.4 – 25.3% more than the control. According to the early harvest, number 6a stood out. Its harvest for the first collections was obtained above the control by 7.8 t / ha.