Biphasic Dose Response in Low Level Light Therapy – an Update

Author:

Huang Ying-Ying1,Sharma Sulbha K2,Carroll James3,Hamblin Michael R4

Affiliation:

1. Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA; and Aesthetic and Plastic Center of Guangxi Medical University, China

2. Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital

3. THOR Photomedicine Ltd, UK

4. Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology

Abstract

Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) has been known since 1967 but still remains controversial due to incomplete understanding of the basic mechanisms and the selection of inappropriate dosimetric parameters that led to negative studies. The biphasic dose-response or Arndt-Schulz curve in LLLT has been shown both in vitro studies and in animal experiments. This review will provide an update to our previous ( Huang et al. 2009 ) coverage of this topic. In vitro mediators of LLLT such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and mitochondrial membrane potential show biphasic patterns, while others such as mitochondrial reactive oxygen species show a triphasic dose-response with two distinct peaks. The Janus nature of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may act as a beneficial signaling molecule at low concentrations and a harmful cytotoxic agent at high concentrations, may partly explain the observed responses in vivo. Transcranial LLLT for traumatic brain injury (TBI) in mice shows a distinct biphasic pattern with peaks in beneficial neurological effects observed when the number of treatments is varied, and when the energy density of an individual treatment is varied. Further understanding of the extent to which biphasic dose responses apply in LLLT will be necessary to optimize clinical treatments.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Chemical Health and Safety,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health,Toxicology

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