Nano-enzyme colorimetric biosensor and its application

Abstract

Nano-enzymatic colorimetric biosensors have emerged as a promising technology for identifying and measuring analytes. These biosensors utilize nano-enzymes, which are nanomaterials with enzyme-like properties, to catalyze reactions that cause color changes. The simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and ability to visually interpret results without complex instrumentation make this colorimetric sensing technique advantageous. The interaction between the analyte and nanomaterial is crucial in the mechanism of these biosensors, where binding of the analyte to the nano-enzyme's surface triggers a catalytic process resulting in a noticeable color change. Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and transition metal nanoparticles are explored for their unique characteristics and potential applications in colorimetric biosensors. Graphene, a carbon substance, is also discussed for its potential in biosensing applications. The use of nano-enzyme colorimetric biosensors in medical diagnosis, environmental protection, and antibacterial applications is expanding rapidly. The article highlights the development of biosensors for identifying oxidase enzyme substrates in food and biological samples, utilizing immobilized enzymes on magnetic nanoparticles and the CUPRAC colorimetric method for detection. The potential of nano-enzyme colorimetric biosensors in medical diagnosis is emphasized, offering a quick, accurate, and practical method for identifying biomolecules and disorders, with the potential for improving patient outcomes and advancing healthcare through further research and development.