Advances and Challenges When Commercializing Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Currently, the perovskite solar cells efficiency exceeds 20% at a rate of improvement that is unprecedented. This technique is indeed very promising because it is compatible with inexpensive solution processing. To be commercially viable, a thin-film solar device must pass the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) testing standards for environmental stability. Commercialization of perovskite solar cells is now restricted by lack of stability. The primary cause of this issue is the perovskite layer instability when exposed to moisture, light, and thermal variables. Nonetheless, it is crucial to investigate stability issues within device's layers and interfaces. Due to the interdependent relationships between the layers, including the charge transport layer, and electrodes, it is necessary to approach the device as a whole system in order to address the stability challenges described in this article. Future study should concentrate on strengthening the perovskite’s intrinsic stability, engineering the device shape, and identifying durable encapsulation materials that resolve extrinsic instability and seal the device against moisture for perovskite solar cells to reach the requisite stability.