Immune System Mechanism and Vaccination of SARS-Cov-2

Abstract

The earliest coronaviruses were discovered in the 1960s and were named for the coronal spike-like protein located on the surface of the virus. SARS-CoV-2 disease rapidly had a profound impact worldwide, resulting in millions of infections and deaths. High transmission rates and high mortality rates have plunged many countries into crisis, mainly in medical and economic terms. Innate immunity also plays a central role in the fight against COVID-19 virus, which includes T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and other types of immune cells. However, the SARS-CoV-2 virus appears to be new to the human immune system and often causes fatal complications and symptoms that are beyond the reach of natural human immunity. In the early stages, doctors tried treatment with antiviral drugs, as well as immunomodulators, using steroids and different kinds of cytokine blockers, which seemed promising, but it was still not effective in curing COVID-19 or curbing the infection rate. When a vaccine is established, the global pandemic will cease, which will greatly reduce mortality and prevent serious complications in patients. Various forms of vaccine development have strengthened the control of global COVID-19 infection, but challenges and barriers to containment of SARS-CoV-2 remain.