Dopaminergic Neurons and Parkinson’s Disease: Current Status, Implications and Future Perspectives

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease that impairs motor functions in the affected individuals, causing increased dependence and even mortality eventually. Therefore, it has become a significant resources and financial burden to the society. Scientists and companies have carried out a myriad of studies to study potentially effective drugs to slow or cure the disease, but they barely pass the Phase III stage of clinical trials. Under these circumstances, establishing the pathogenic mechanisms is really the key to removal of obstacles in the way of mitigating PD. Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons is known as a cause of motor manifestation in PD. Instead of approaching PD from the traditional α-synuclein theory, this review emphasizes on dopaminergic neurons per se to discuss their unique features and how they may implicate in PD development and progression. Some latest findings and potential future directions are also summarized and discussed in this review.