Targeting CD19 and CD22 with CAR-T cell therapy in acute lymphoid leukemia

Abstract

Acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) was usually occurred in children. It accounted for 75% of all acute leukemias. In other words, it accounted for 35 percent of all cancers in the same age group, especially Caucasian children. CAR-T cell therapy was an resultful treatment for ALL patients.CARs were artificial receptors. Their function was primarily to target lymphocytes, most commonly T cells, recognizing and eliminating cells that express specifically targeted antigens. There were some targets for CAR-T, such as CD19 and CD22. When treated with common methods, the prognosis of recurrent ALL after allotransplantation was frustrating. In specific the cell of CAR-T with CD19, B-ALL treatment was highly successful, 70 to 94% in a complete response (CR). therapy with CD19 and CD22 was targeted when treating refractory/relapse(R/R) B-ALL achieved high CR, most of patients couldn’t maintain enduring remission. This therapy was a huge success in curing leukemia, up to 60% of patients with this therapy relapse. To extend the period of recurrence-free survival, people targeted CD22 or CD19 antigen expression, respectively, treating relapse B-ALL patient after transplant treatment. The CR rate in single therapy with the first round achieved 85%. After that, among patients who completed CAR-T with CD19 and CD22, 88.5% and 67.5% were OS and EFS, respectively, between 12 and 18 months. The new strategy significantly improved treatment outcomes. In the future, the key of the research was shift to strategies with minimal cytotoxic chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and we hope can treat tumor successfully.