Roles of Virus-like particles in particularcancer vaccines

Abstract

Cancer is one of the major threats to modern human health and cancer vaccines have been developed during the last few decades for particular cancers. Due to the lack of viral genetic materials and highly specific recognizable antigens, Virus-like particles (VLPs) successfully substituted chemotherapy to have a therapeutic effect to the tumor cells. VLPs employed different platforms ranging form yeasts, bacteriophage, mammalian cells and insect cells to make variants with different functions. Via APC cross-presentations, VLPs can effectively affect plenty of immune cells and thus triggering anti-viral response. In HCC treatment, HBsAg-derived VLPs and MrNV VLPs show therapeutic effects. For skin cancer, CuMBTT VLPs play a major role in treating in preventing B16F10 melanomas. MS2 VLPs have demonstrated great efficiency in treating Xct-related breast cancer while the GPI- anchored form of VLPs have shown efficacy in the HER2-triggered breast cancer.