Neuromodulation Based on Brain-computer Interface Technology

Abstract

Therapeutic brain-computer interface (BCI) is a fast-developing area with considerable potential in improving the life qualities of various patients. Although a complete mechanistic understanding is yet achieved, empirical explorations into neuromodulatory devices, including deep brain stimulation (DBS), transcranial magnetic and electrical stimulation (TMS, TES), and electroencephalography (EEG), have enriched the repertoire for treating many neurologic diseases. Four such diseases discussed are Parkinson's disease (PD), substance use disorder (SUD), epilepsy, and depression. BCI devices alleviate symptoms by modulating neuronal activities, for instance, via directly delivering electrical stimulation, but each disease poses challenges now. Currently, neuromodulation techniques for PD and epilepsy are relatively mature and require few more perfections, while the ones concerning SUD and depression are young and fledgling, but multiple studies have revealed preliminary success and therapeutic potential. This article aims to review four techniques’ applications in four common neurologic disorders, including current achievements, associated difficulties, and potential future directions.