Applications of EEG-Based Brain-Computer Interface Devices in Rehabilitation

Abstract

BCI techniques narrow the gap between the human brain and external devices. Previous investigation using Brain-Machine Interfaces to control devices such as wheelchairs has shown that the technology could be effective in limb rehabilitation. There has been limited research on using BCI in performing a grasp and reach task using a prosthetic arm. The authors of this paper thus sought to determine how possible and effective the procedure can be performed considering the multiple degrees of freedom of the human arm. Moreover, stroke is among the leading causes of death globally. Stroke events, in most cases, leave the patient with severe brain damage that usually includes impaired motor functions. BCI-based techniques have shown the capacity to restore the motor functions of patients. However, there is a need for the BCI methods to be coupled with cognitive training approaches to improve other bodily functions of stroke patients. Also, since the first electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) were implemented in the 1920s, their clinical applications, theories, and testing techniques have improved tremendously. Generally, brain imaging techniques have evolved rapidly since the 1920s. This paper explores the applications of EEG-based Brain-Computer Interfaces in medical rehabilitation.