Transportation System Evolution During Garden City Construction and Its Environmental and Economical Impacts in Putrajaya, Malaysia

Abstract

In the last decades, urbanization has become one of the main transformations in the world. A large population moves from rural areas to urban spaces in both developed and developing countries. To follow the sustainable principle, the design concepts for Garden City have been revealed and applied to undeveloped areas. The Garden City theory forces local authorities to foster native transportation development, which leads to economic growth. Influenced by the Garden City concept, diverse urban areas have shown a series of consequences from human scales to social political and economic models. Putrajaya, as the new Federal Government Administrative Center of Malaysia, is one typical example of relying on the Garden City theory to refurbish the urban area. This study analyses the generation of Putrajaya’s civic transportation system with effects by the Garden City. The discussion also covers the developments’ influence on the city’s urban construction. The appearance of the transportation system has brought a number of people and assisted the mobility of population to Putrajaya. However, with the assistance of the Garden City concept, environmental gentrification has occurred within urban areas. Meanwhile, a neoliberal market in supplying transportation presents a weakness during the evolution. Consequently, there is a need to understand the present transportation system with the concept of Garden City in Putrajaya to better improve the future development.