Porphyry and Volcanogenic Massive Sulphide Ore Deposit in Canada

Abstract

Canada is one of the leading countries in ore production that involves variety types of ore deposits. Among the significant ore deposits found in the country, porphyry and volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits stand out as major contributors to the production of copper, gold, molybdenite, zinc, lead and many other essential minerals. Porphyry deposits are the major copper production in the country that are predominantly located in British Columbia, where subduction processes occur. While the overall mineral grade of porphyry deposits is relatively low, their immense tonnage makes them the largest reservoirs of copper in Canada. Notable porphyry mines such as Copper Mountain and Highland Valley Copper produce millions of tons of ore annually. On the other hand, VMS deposits, associated with volcanic activities, play a significant role in the production of zinc, copper, lead, gold, and silver. These deposits are distributed across Canada, with concentrations found in the Ontario and British Colombia. VMS deposits make up nearly a quarter of the country's copper production with significant mine sites including Kidd Mine and Windy Craggy. The future of the mining industry in Canada and the whole world should be focusing on sustainability. Sustainable mining recognizes the interconnectedness of environmental, social, and economic aspects and seeks to balance them for the benefit of present and future generations.