The Application of Stem Cell Therapy on Type 1 Diabetes

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is also known as insulin-dependent diabetes caused by autoimmune reactions in the patient's body. T1D is caused by the destruction of the pancreatic β cells of the patient by their immune system in the case of autoimmunity. It can lead to dehydration, frequent urination, potential damage to many organs in the body etc. If left untreated, it can lead to death. Consequently, research groups have invested a huge effort to develop possible treatments for. Currently, the existing solutions for T1D mainly include insulin therapy and immunotherapy, but the high costs of insulin therapy and the adverse reactions associated with immunotherapy limits the efficacy of these treatments and are therefore imperfect. To this day, there is no permanent cure for T1D, many study groups have proved that stem cell therapy could provide a possible solution because of its success in curing other diseases. Stem cell therapy is a treatment in which pluripotent of multipotent cells are transplanted into a patient's body in a certain way to restore normal function. The capacity do differentiate into different cell types can help stem cells stop the process of β cell destructionz, preserve remaining beta cell blocks, and promote the regeneration of primary beta cells. This review provided an overview of the existing therapies available to treat T1D, gathered information from previous clinical trials and emphasized the importance of stem cell therapies based on the current state of art.