A Crucial Window into the Sun: The Long and Arduous Road of Sunspots Observation and Study

Abstract

Sunspot is a crucial “window” for humans to understand the complex activities inside the sun. The discovery, observation, and study of sunspots throughout history have been long and arduous. This paper traces and summarizes the history of observing and studying sunspots, dividing it into seven stages: germination, initial, revolution, development, spiral ascension, innovation breakthroughs, and modern research. It focuses on the important roles played by many scientists in this process and summarizes the overall research model of the development process. The goal is to gain a clearer and more comprehensive understanding of the sun through this window of sunspots and promote harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.