Tree stratum alteration decreases C use efficiency and the stability of litter decomposition in a sacred fir ( Abies religiosa ) forest

Abstract

Background: There is limited information to predict the direction in which canopy modification affects the microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) and, consequently, the magnitude and stability of litter decomposition in monodominant sacred fir ( Abies religiosa ) forests. Questions: What is the effect of tree stratum alteration on CUE and stability of litter decomposition in an A. religiosa forest? Study sites and dates: Two conditions inside a sacred fir forest were selected: A) a naturally monodominant homogeneous condition, and B) a heterogeneous condition with a non-monospecific tree stratum derived from local disturbances (wildfire and reforestation) occurred on a single occasion 18 years ago. Methods: In each condition (homogeneous and heterogeneous), the Importance Value Index (IVI) was calculated in the tree stratum, while chemical composition, microbial carbon (C) concentration, enzyme activities and C mineralization were measured in litter samples. The specific enzymatic activity and the metabolic quotient were calculated as CUE indicators, and the coefficient of variation as a proxy for litter decomposition stability. Results: A change in tree species composition and an increase in tree species richness in the heterogeneous condition was found, which decreased litter phosphorous (P) concentration. This promoted a high microbial activity and low CUE, favoring C mineralization. Furthermore,  low stability during litter decomposition was observed as tree species richness increased. Conclusions: Tree stratum heterogeneity, as a consequence of past disturbances, decreases CUE and the stability of litter decomposition in an A. religiosa forest.