1. Center of Excellence for Osteoporosis Research, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
2. Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
3. Department of Orthodontics and Maxillofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
4. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
5. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.