Critical analysis of the existing approach to the calculation of radiation shielding in X-ray rooms

Author:

Golikov V. Yu.1

Affiliation:

1. Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being

Abstract

The paper demonstrates the limitations of the existing methodology for calculating the radiation shielding of X-ray rooms presented in SanPin 2.6.1.1192-03. It is shown that the algorithm for calculating the attenuation coefficient by the barrier does not take into account the features of the attenuation of different components of X-ray radiation: direct, scattered, and leakage radiation, which differ in the region of occurrence, intensity, energy spectrum, and other parameters. Instead, a single formula is used for all components, and the differences in their attenuation are taken into account by a parameter the values of which for different radiation components are in no way justified and are questionable. The calculation also does not take into account the distribution of the workload of X-ray machines by the tube voltage, the significant attenuation of direct X-ray radiation by additional structures necessary for image acquisition. The values of the radiation output of X-ray machines recommended for shielding design in SanPiN 2.6.1.1192-03 are 2–3 times overestimated in relation to the measured values. This leads to an unreasonable overestimation of the requirements for the thickness of radiation shielding in X-ray rooms and accordingly to suboptimal spending on healthcare. It is necessary to develop a new document to replace SanPiN 2.6.1.1192-03.

Publisher

SPRI of Radiation Hygiene Prof. PV Ramzaev

Subject

Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging

Reference23 articles.

1. NCRP (National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements). Structural shielding design for medical X-ray imaging facilities. NCRP Report No. 147. NCRP, 2004.

2. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Structural Shielding Design and Evaluation for Medical Use of X Rays and Gamma Rays of Energies up to 10 MeV, Bethesda, MD: NCRP: NCRP Report No. 49; 1976.

3. Kelley JP, Trout ED. Broad Beam Attenuation in lead for X-rays from 50 to 300 kVp. Radiology. 1972;104:171-175.

4. Braestrup CB, Wyckoff HO. Shielding Design Levels for Radiology Departments. Radiology. 1973;107: 445-448.

5. Trout ED, Kelley JP, Herbert GL. X-Ray Attenuation in Steel from 50 to 300 kVp. Health Physics. 1975;29: 163-169.

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