Unpacking racism during COVID-19: narratives from racialized Canadian gay, bisexual, and queer men

Author:

Grey CornelORCID,Tian Ian LiujiaORCID,Skakoon-Sparling ShaynaORCID,Daroya EmerichORCID,Klassen BenORCID,Lessard DavidORCID,Gaspar MarkORCID,Sinno JadORCID,Sang Jordan M.ORCID,Perez-Brumer AmayaORCID,Lachowsky Nathan J.ORCID,Moore David M.ORCID,Jollimore JodyORCID,Hart Trevor A.ORCID,Cox JosephORCID,Grace DanielORCID

Abstract

Abstract Objective Epidemics impact individuals unevenly across race, gender, and sexuality. In addition to being more vulnerable to COVID-19 infection, evidence suggests racialized gender and sexual minorities experienced disproportionate levels of discrimination and stigma during the COVID-19 epidemic. Drawing on Critical Race Theory (CRT), we examined the experiences of gay, bisexual, queer, and other men who have sex with men (GBQM) of colour facing discrimination during COVID-19. Design Engage-COVID-19 is a mixed methods study examining the impact of COVID-19 on GBQM living in Vancouver, Toronto, and Montréal, Canada. We conducted two rounds of qualitative interviews (November 2020 to February 2021, and June to October 2021) with 93 GBQM to explore the evolving impact of COVID-19 on their lives. Transcripts were coded using inductive thematic analysis. Data analysis was conducted using Nvivo software. Results Fifty-nine participants identified as Black, Indigenous, and/or a Person of Colour (BIPOC). These GBQM of colour described multiple experiences of discrimination during COVID-19. Although participants did not report experiences of discrimination based on their sexual identity during COVID-19, we found that experiences of racism affected how they were treated within their sexual networks. Experiences of racism were most often reported by East Asian and Black GBQM. These participants faced racism in public and online spaces, primarily in the form of verbal harassment. Several participants were also harassed because they wore face masks. Verbal abuse against GBQM of colour was largely prompted by racist discourses related to COVID-19. Conclusion Racism remains a pernicious threat to the well-being of GBQM of colour. CRT highlights the importance of assessing how sexualized and gendered discourses about race shape the experiences of GBQM of colour navigating multiple epidemics like COVID-19 and HIV. These pervasive discourses unevenly affect racial and sexual minorities across multiple epidemics, and negatively impact health outcomes for these populations.

Funder

Canadian Institutes of Health Research

Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research

Canada Research Chairs

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health,Health Policy

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1. Mapping out COVID-19, Social Distancing, Pandemic in Juxtaposition with Sexual Desires Practices in a Gay Latino Immigrants Men [GLIM] Study;Recent Topics Related to Human Sexual Practices - Sexual Practices and Sexual Crimes;2023-11-29

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