Obesity-associated outcomes after ACL reconstruction: a propensity-score-matched analysis of the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample 2005–2018

Abstract

Abstract Background Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common among physically active individuals, and obesity may increase the risk of such injuries due to factors like biomechanical stress on the knee. We aimed to determine if obesity affects postoperative outcomes after ACL reconstruction. Methods Data from adults aged 20 years and older with ACL injuries who underwent inpatient reconstruction from 2005 to 2018 were extracted from the United States (US) Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of co-existing obesity, defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2. Propensity-score matching (PSM) was employed to balance between-group differences. Associations between obesity and concomitant meniscus injury, length of stay (LOS), post-procedural complications, and non-routine discharge were examined using univariate and multivariable logistic and linear regressions. Results After PSM, data from 1323 patients (representing 6396 individuals in the US) were analyzed. Of these, 441 (33%) were classified as obese, while 882 (67%) were not obese. After adjustment, obesity was significantly associated with a longer LOS (adjusted beta (aBeta) = 0.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.31–0.321) and an increased likelihood of non-routine discharge (adjusted OR (aOR) = 2.18, 95% CI 1.47–3.22). There were no significant associations between obesity and concomitant meniscus injury (aOR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.81–1.32) or post-procedural complications (aOR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.74–1.27). Conclusions In patients undergoing ACL reconstruction in the US, obesity is independently associated with a longer LOS and a higher risk of non-routine discharge. Nevertheless, obesity does not appear to be associated with concomitant meniscus injury or post-procedural complications.