Salvage surgery following tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Abstract

Abstract Background No standard therapy for non-small lung cancer patients that have acquired resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy has been established. Some can be effectively treated by salvage surgery, though indications for that procedure remain unclear. Reported here is the clinical course of a patient who experienced early post-operative distant metastases. Case presentation A 48-year-old woman without symptoms was referred to another hospital for abnormal chest radiography findings and diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the left lower lobe (cT2aN3M1b, stage IVB; TNM staging 7th edition). Gene mutation analysis revealed positive for epidermal growth factor receptor exon 19 deletion. Afatinib treatment was started, resulting in partial response, though regrowth of the main tumor was noted 1.5 years later. Bronchoscopic re-biopsy findings revealed a T790M point mutation and afatinib was switched to osimertinib. At 1.5 years following the start of osimertinib administration, the primary tumor was found to have regrown again and stereotactic radiation therapy was administered. Findings at 3.5 years after osimertinib administration indicated that all lymph nodes and distant metastases, excluding the primary tumor, were well controlled, and the patient was referred to our hospital for salvage surgery. Osimertinib was discontinued, and a left lower lobectomy with a left lingular segmentectomy and pleural biopsy were performed. The patient was discharged following an uneventful postoperative course. Three days after discharge, glossodynia developed and examination findings revealed tongue metastasis. The symptoms improved following re-administration of osimertinib, though right adrenal gland metastasis appeared 8 months after surgery. Radiation therapy was performed for tongue and right adrenal gland metastases, and the patient was alive 1 year after salvage surgery without out-of-control lesion appearing after the radiation therapy under the administration of osimertinib. Conclusion The present patient experienced multiple instances of systemic recurrence after undergoing salvage surgery. Experience with this case indicates that systemic therapy is essential for patients with distant metastatic lung cancer even following salvage surgery for the primary tumor.