Author:
Pérez-Muñoz Celia,Carretero-Bravo Jesús,Ortega-Martín Esther,Ramos-Fiol Begoña,Ferriz-Mas Bernardo,Díaz-Rodríguez Mercedes
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Childhood obesity poses a global health challenge. In recent years, there has been an increase in interventions that begin in pregnancy, putting the concept of early programming and early risk factors into practice. The present study aims to update the findings regarding interventions in the first 1000 days of life.
Methods
A systematic review based on the PRISMA guidelines was carried out in PubMed, WoS, Scopus and CINAHL to obtain the articles to be analysed. We included those studies published between 2016 and 2021. Human interventions that started within the first 1000 days of life and acted on at least one programming factor were included. Once selected, coding and quantitative content analysis was carried out to obtain a profile of the interventions during the first 1000 days.
Results
From all screened articles, 51 unique interventions, which met the selection criteria, were included. The majority of interventions (81%) took place in high-income areas. Almost all (86%) were targeted at the general population. The majority (54%) started in the second trimester of pregnancy. A clear majority (61%) ended at the time of birth. 44% of the interventions included all pregnant women. Only 48% of these interventions were focused on improving the nutritional status of the offspring in the short term. Most interventions collected the baby's weight at birth (68%).
Conclusions
It can be concluded that current interventions are not covering as many aspects as they should. Future research should be conducted more frequently in developing countries and target disadvantaged groups. These interventions should include all pregnant women, regardless of their nutritional status, aiming to cover as many programming factors as possible and extending through the first 1000 days of life, with body mass index or skinfolds as measures of effectiveness during this period.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Reference52 articles.
1. OMS. Obesity and Overweight. What are obesity and overweight?. Vol. 2007 p. 2. WHO Fact Sheet. 2020. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight. [Cited 1 Dec 2020]. Available from
2. NCD-RisC NRFC. Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet. 2017 Dec 16;390(10113):2627–42. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29029897/. [Cited 15Apr 2021]. Available from
3. Kumar S, Kelly AS. Review of Childhood Obesity: From Epidemiology, Etiology, and Comorbidities to Clinical Assessment and Treatment. Vol. 92, Mayo Clinic Proceedings. Elsevier Ltd; 2017. p. 251–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.09.017.[Cited 5 May 2021]. Available from
4. Morales Camacho WJ, Molina Díaz JM, Plata Ortiz S, Plata Ortiz JE, Morales Camacho MA, Calderón BP. Childhood obesity: aetiology, comorbidities, and treatment. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2019;35(8):e3203.
5. Simmonds M, Burch J, Llewellyn A, Griffiths C, Yang H, Owen C, et al. The use of measures of obesity in childhood for predicting obesity and the development of obesity-related diseases in adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Technol Assess (Rockv). 2015 Jun;19(43):1–336. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26108433. [Cited 15 Feb 2019]