Author:
Li Yajie,Li Jianbo,Nima Qucuo
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Previous studies have identified that socioeconomic status (SES) and obesity are associated with hypertension. However, their interaction on hypertension risk has not yet been assessed.
Methods
The study used data from 6,069 Tibetan residents in Chengguan District in Lhasa, the Chinese Tibetan autonomous region’s capital, based on a cohort study conducted from May 2018 to September 2019 in five provinces in southwest China. We used logistic regression models to assess the complex relations of SES and obesity with hypertension.
Results
Compared with individuals of high SES, low and moderate SES were positively associated with high risk of hypertension. SES and obesity have significant additive interaction on hypertension (general obesity by BMI: RERI = 1.33, P < 0.001; abdominal obesity by WC: RERI = 0.76, P < 0.001; abdominal obesity by WHtR: RERI = 0.96, P < 0.001). In people from the low and moderate SES segments, obesity was linked to an increased risk of hypertension, but the correlations were stronger in people from the moderate SES category. Compared with people of high SES and non obese, those with moderate SES and obesity had a higher risk of hypertension, and ORs were 4.38 (2.80, 6.84) for general obesity by BMI, 3.38 (2.05, 5.57) for abdominal obesity by WC, and 3.18 (1.57, 6.42) for abdominal obesity by WHtR.
Conclusion
There is an independent and additive interaction effect of obesity and SES on the risk of hypertension. People with obesity, especially those of moderate and low SES, should reduce weight and waist circumference, and pay more attention to blood pressure. Moreover, the government, health administration departments, and society should prioritize improving the socioeconomic status of the Tibetan population and addressing risk factors like obesity.
Funder
The National Key Research and Development Program of China
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Reference48 articles.
1. Wu T. The Qinghai-Tibetan plateau: how high do Tibetans live? High Alt Med Biol. 2001;2(4):489–99.
2. Li K, Zhang Q, Cai H, He R, Nima Q, Li Y, Suolang D, Cidan Z, Wangqing P, Zhao X, et al. Association of Tibetan Habitual Food and Metabolic Syndrome among Tibetan People in China: a cross-sectional study. Front Nutr. 2022;9:888317.
3. Aryal N, Weatherall M, Bhatta YK, Mann S. Blood pressure and hypertension in adults permanently living at high Altitude: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. High Alt Med Biol. 2016;17(3):185–93.
4. Zheng CY, Wang ZW, Chen Z, Zhang LF, Wang X, Dong Y, Nie JY, Wang JL, Shao L, Tian Y. [Association between the types of obesity and the 10-year-coronary heart disease risk, in Tibet Autonomous Region and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2017;38(6):721–6.
5. Bilo G, Caravita S, Torlasco C, Parati G. Blood pressure at high altitude: physiology and clinical implications. Kardiol Pol. 2019;77(6):596–603.