Kazakh adults in Xinjiang have a prevalent obesity problem but a low prevalence of diabetes

Abstract

Abstract Background The prevalence of diabetes and obesity has been continuously rising worldwide over the last three decades, particularly in China. The prevalence varies widely among different ethnicities. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of diabetes and obesity, as well as the associated factors for diabetes in Kazakh adults in Xinjiang to improve diabetes screening. Methods We collected data from the Xinjiang physical examination in 2018, including a total sample of 118,505 Kazakh adults in Altay District. Data on demographic characteristics, medical history, physical examination, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and serum lipid profiles were collected. The chi-square test was used to examine the differences between multiple variables. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify the factors associated with diabetes. Results The mean age was 43. 66 years (SD 14.14). 49.3% of the population were women and 75.5% were rural residents. The mean FPG was 5.33 mmol/L (SD 1.22). The prevalence of diabetes was 6.3% and 4.1% received a new diagnosis by FPG. 26.6% were diagnosed with impaired fasting glucose (IFG). The mean body mass index (BMI) was 26.29 kg/m2 (SD 14.14) and the mean waist circumference was 87.69 cm (SD 12.74). 33.2% of the population were overweight, and 33.0% were obese. The prevalence of central obesity was 51.4%. Diabetes was mostly positively associated with hypertension (OR = 3.821, P<0.001), hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 2.757, P<0.001), and hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia (OR = 2.331, P<0.001) in the Kazakh population. The ORs for overweight, obesity and central obesity predictive of diabetes were 1.265, 1.453 and 1.222 ( all P<0.001), respectively. Conclusions Despite having a high prevalence of obesity and central obesity, the Kazakh population had a considerably low prevalence of diabetes. Obesity was not the most important risk factor for diabetes in Kazakh individuals. The awareness of diabetes was low. When screening for diabetes in Kazakhs, those with hypertension or dyslipidemia should receive more attention.