Author:
Li Yanzhi,Guo Lan,Zhang Jiayu,Tang Xianghua,Zhao Feng,Hu Yin,Guo Yangfeng,Du Xueying,Yang Xiao,Lu Ciyong
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The development trajectories of children’s SER remain unknown. This study aimed to characterize spherical equivalent refraction (SER) trajectories during grades 1–4 in Chinese children.
Methods
This prospective cohort study included 1226 first-grade non-myopic children from 12 public primary schools, randomly selected in two districts in Guangzhou, China. From November 2018 to March 2022, four-wave ocular examinations and questionnaire surveys have been completed. The group-based trajectory modeling was used to explore SER trajectories in grades 1–4.
Results
All five trajectories showed an upward trend and rose faster after grade 2. Children in the sharp-developing (n = 44), high-developing (n = 136), and rapid-developing (n = 237) myopia groups developed myopia before grades 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Their SER development speed remained at a relatively high level after myopia, almost consistent with that before myopia. Children in the moderate-developing (n = 418) and low-developing (n = 391) non-myopia groups did not develop myopia before grade 4. Some characteristics in grade 1 were independently associated with SER trajectories, including sex, axial length, number of parents with myopia, residence, academic achievement, and the duration of outdoor activity. Based on the baseline characteristics, we established the model predicting the probability of children belonging to each group.
Conclusions
Myopia interventions are best started in grade 1 or preschool age. If interventions are not taken in time, the latest intervention window might be in grades 1, 2, and 3 for children with a high probability of belonging to the sharp-developing, high-developing, and rapid-developing myopia groups, respectively. The above probabilities might be predicted using the model we established. Moreover, the interventions for myopic children shouldn’t be ignored.
Funder
The Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province
The Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health