Author:
Nazari Moghadam Marziye,Rahimi Ebrahim,Shakerian Amir,Momtaz Hassan
Abstract
AbstractSalmonellosis, a zoonotic disease, is one of the leading causes of foodborne illness worldwide. It is responsible for most infections caused by consumption of contaminated food. In recent years, a significant increase in the resistance of these bacteria to common antibiotics has been observed, posing a serious threat to global public health. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of virulent antibiotic-resistant Salmonella spp. strains in Iranian poultry markets. A total of 440 chicken meat samples were randomly selected from meat supply and distribution facilities in Shahrekord and tested for bacteriological contamination. After culturing and isolating the strains, identification was performed using the classical bacteriological method and PCR. To determine antibiotic resistance, a disc diffusion test was performed according to the recommendations of the French Society of Microbiology. PCR was used to detect resistance and virulence genes. Only 9% of the samples were positive for Salmonella. These were Salmonella typhimurium isolates. All Salmonella typhimurium serotypes tested positive for the rfbJ, fljB, invA and fliC genes. Resistance to TET, cotrimoxazole, NA, NIT, piperacillin/tazobactam and other antibiotics was found in 26 (72.2%), 24 (66.7%), 22 (61.1%) and 21 (58.3%) isolates, respectively. The sul1, sul2 and sul3 genes were present in 20, 12 and 4 of 24 cotrimoxazole-resistant bacteria, respectively. Chloramphenicol resistance was found in six isolates, but more isolates tested positive for the floR and cat two genes. In contrast, 2 (33%) of the cat three genes, 3 (50%) of the cmlA genes and 2 (34%) of the cmlB genes were all positive. The results of this investigation showed that Salmonella typhimurium is the most common serotype of the bacterium. This means that most of the antibiotics commonly used in the livestock and poultry industries are ineffective against most Salmonella isolates, which is important for public health.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Microbiology (medical),Microbiology
Reference46 articles.
1. Hunter JC, Watkins LKF. Salmonellosis (nontyphoidal) In Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, ed. CDC Health Information for International Travel, Chap. 3: Infectious Diseases Related to Travel. https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2018/infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/salmonellosis-nontyphoidal. Accessed March21, 2018.
2. Hadjinicolaou AV, Demetriou VL, Emmanuel MA, Kakoyiannis CK, Kostrikis LG. Molecular beacon-based real-time PCR detection of primary isolates of Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis in environmental and clinical samples. BMC Microbiol. 2009;9:97. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-9-97. Published 2009 May 19.
3. Mezal EH, Sabol A, Khan MA, Ali N, Stefanova R, Khan AA. Isolation and molecular characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis from poultry house and clinical samples during 2010. Food Microbiol. 2014;38:67–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2013.08.003.
4. Frederick A, Ayum TG, Gifty AA, Samuel A. Microbial quality of chevon and mutton sold in Tamale Metropolis of Northern Ghana. J Appl Sci Environ Manage. 2010;14(4):53–5.
5. Mezal EH, Stefanova R, Khan AA. Isolation and molecular characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Javiana from food, environmental and clinical samples. Int J Food Microbiol. 2013;164(1):113–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.03.021.