Association of gut microbiota with the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in people living with HIV
-
Published:2024-01-03
Issue:1
Volume:24
Page:
-
ISSN:1471-2180
-
Container-title:BMC Microbiology
-
language:en
-
Short-container-title:BMC Microbiol
Author:
Ishizaka Aya,Koga Michiko,Mizutani Taketoshi,Yamayoshi Seiya,Iwatsuki-Horimoto Kiyoko,Adachi Eisuke,Suzuki Yutaka,Kawaoka Yoshihiro,Yotsuyanagi Hiroshi
Abstract
Abstract
Background
People living with HIV (PLWH) with chronic inflammation may have an increasing risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity; however, the impact of their gut microbiota on COVID-19 is not fully elucidated. Here, we analyzed the temporal changes in the gut microbiota composition of hospitalized severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected PLWH (PLWH-CoV) and their correlation with COVID-19 severity.
Result
The 16S rRNA analysis results using stool samples (along the timeline from disease onset) from 12 hospitalized PLWH-CoV, whose median CD4 + T cell count was 671 cells/µl, were compared to those of 19 healthy people and 25 PLWH. Bacterial diversity in PLWH-CoV is not significantly different from that of healthy people and SARS-CoV-2 non-infected PLWH, but a significant difference in the microbiota diversity was observed in the classification according to the disease severity. Immediately after the disease onset, remarkable changes were observed in the gut microbiota of PLWH-CoV, and the changing with a decrease in some short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria and an increase in colitis-related pathobiont. In the second week after disease onset, relative amounts of specific bacteria distinguished between disease severity. One month after the disease onset, dysbiosis of the gut microbiota persisted, and the number of Enterobacteriaceae, mainly Escherichia-Shigella, which is potentially pathogenic, increased and were enriched in patients who developed post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC).
Conclusion
The changes in the gut microbiota associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection observed in PLWH in this study indicated a persistent decrease in SCFA-producing bacteria and an intestinal environment with an increase in opportunistic pathogens associated with enteritis. This report demonstrates that the intestinal environment in PLWH tends to show delayed improvement even after COVID-19 recovery, and highlights the importance of the dysbiosis associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection as a potential factor in the COVID-19 severity and the PASC in PLWH.
Funder
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development Japan Society for the Promotion of Science The Yamaguchi Education and Scholarship Foundation, Japan Taiju Life Social Welfare Foundation, Japan Moonshot Research and Development Program Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Microbiology (medical),Microbiology
Reference69 articles.
1. Kompaniyets L, Pennington AF, Goodman AB, Rosenblum HG, Belay B, Ko JY, Chevinsky JR, Schieber LZ, Summers AD, Lavery AM, et al. Underlying medical conditions and severe Illness among 540,667 adults hospitalized with COVID-19, March 2020-March 2021. Prev Chronic Dis. 2021;18:E66. 2. Guaraldi G, Orlando G, Zona S, Menozzi M, Carli F, Garlassi E, Berti A, Rossi E, Roverato A, Palella F. Premature age-related comorbidities among HIV-infected persons compared with the general population. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;53(11):1120–6. 3. Spinelli MA, Jones BLH, Gandhi M. COVID-19 outcomes and risk factors among people living with HIV. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2022;19(5):425–32. 4. Bhaskaran K, Rentsch CT, MacKenna B, Schultze A, Mehrkar A, Bates CJ, Eggo RM, Morton CE, Bacon SCJ, Inglesby P, et al. HIV Infection and COVID-19 death: a population-based cohort analysis of UK primary care data and linked national death registrations within the OpenSAFELY platform. Lancet HIV. 2021;8(1):e24–32. 5. Geretti AM, Stockdale AJ, Kelly SH, Cevik M, Collins S, Waters L, Villa G, Docherty A, Harrison EM, Turtle L, et al. Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) related hospitalization among people with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in the ISARIC World Health Organization (WHO) clinical characterization protocol (UK): a prospective observational study. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73(7):e2095-2106.
|
|