Author:
Mirabedini Zahra,Mirjalali Hamed,Kazemirad Elham,Khamesipour Ali,Samimirad Katayoun,Koosha Mona,Saberi Reza,Rahimi Hanieh Mohammad,Mohebali Mehdi,Hajjaran Homa
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a parasitic disease with diverse outcomes. Clinical diversity is influenced by various factors such as Leishmania species and host genetic background. The role of Leishmania RNA virus (LRV), as an endosymbiont, is suggested to not only affect the pathogenesis of Leishmania, but also impact host immune responses. This study aimed to investigate the influence of LRV2 on the expression of a number of virulence factors (VFs) of Leishmania and pro-inflammatory biomarkers.
Materials and methods
Sample were obtained from CL patients from Golestan province. Leishmania species were identified by PCR (LIN 4, 17), and the presence of LRV2 was checked using the semi-nested PCR (RdRp gene). Human monocyte cell line (THP-1) was treated with three isolates of L. major with LRV2 and one isolate of L. major without LRV2. The treatments with four isolates were administered for the time points: zero, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h after co-infection. The expression levels of Leishmania VFs genes including GP63, HSP83, and MPI, as well as pro-inflammatory biomarkers genes including NLRP3, IL18, and IL1β, were measured using quantitative real-time PCR.
Results
The expression of GP63, HSP83, and MPI revealed up-regulation in LRV2 + isolates compared to LRV2- isolates. The expression of the pro-inflammatory biomarkers including NLRP3, IL1β, and IL18 genes in LRV2- were higher than LRV2 + isolates.
Conclusion
This finding suggests that LRV2 + may have a probable effect on the Leishmania VFs and pro-inflammatory biomarkers in the human macrophage model.
Funder
Tehran University of Medical Science
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Microbiology (medical),Microbiology
Reference59 articles.
1. Rioux J, Lanotte G, Serres E, Pratlong F, Bastien P, Perieres J. Taxonomy of Leishmania. Use of isoenzymes. Suggestions for a new classification. Ann Parasitol Hum Comp. 1990;65(3):111–25.
2. Bruschi F, Gradoni L. The leishmaniases: old neglected Tropical Diseases. Springer; 2018.
3. Torres-Guerrero E, Quintanilla-Cedillo MR, Ruiz-Esmenjaud J, Arenas R. Leishmaniasis: a review. F1000Research. 2017;6.
4. Firooz A, Mortazavi H, Khamesipour A, Ghiasi M, Abedini R, Balighi K, et al. Old world cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Iran: clinical variants and treatments. Dermatol Ther. 2021;32(7):673–83.
5. Ghatee MA, Taylor WR, Karamian M. The geographical distribution of cutaneous Leishmaniasis causative agents in Iran and its neighboring countries, a review. Front Public Health. 2020;8:11.