Anesthetic approach to pregnant patients with malaria: a narrative review of the literature

Abstract

Abstract Introduction Anesthesiologists play an important role in the management of labor and delivery during acute malaria infection. The peripartum anesthesia considerations for such cases remain unclear. Findings Important peripartum considerations include the severity of thrombocytopenia and coagulopathy, hemodynamic status and cardiac disease, and the likelihood of central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Several antimalarial drugs may interact with perioperative medications, causing hypoglycemia, methemoglobinemia, or QT prolongation. Labor should usually not be induced. Patient volume status should be optimized pre-induction, but fluids should be administered with caution given the risk of cerebral edema. In case of CNS involvement intracranial pressure should be maintained. Case reports describe the successful use of neuraxial anesthesia but this approach requires further confirmation of safety. Despite the risks accompanying airway management in pregnancy, in some cases, general anesthesia was preferred due to the chance of CNS infection and disease complications. Tight postoperative assessments of neurological and bleeding status are indicated regardless of the mode of delivery. Conclusions Despite the prevalence of malaria, the perioperative risk and preferred mode of anesthesia for pregnant patients with acute malaria remain under-researched and outcome data are limited.