Author:
Mitina Aleksandra,Mazin Pavel,Vanyushkina Anna,Anikanov Nikolay,Mair Waltraud,Guo Song,Khaitovich Philipp
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Lipids contained in milk are an essential source of energy and structural materials for a growing neonate. Furthermore, lipids’ long-chain unsaturated fatty acid residues can directly participate in neonatal tissue formation. Here, we used untargeted mass spectrometric measurements to assess milk lipid composition in seven mammalian species: humans, two macaque species, cows, goats, yaks, and pigs.
Results
Analysis of the main milk lipid class, triacylglycerides (TAGs), revealed species-specific quantitative differences in the composition of fatty acid residues for each of seven species. Overall, differences in milk lipid composition reflect evolutionary distances among species, with each species group demonstrating specific lipidome features. Among them, human milk contained more medium and long-chain unsaturated fatty acids compared to other species, while pig milk was the most distinct, featuring the highest proportion of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Conclusions
We show that milk lipidome composition is dynamic across mammalian species, changed extensively in pigs, and contains features particular to humans.
Funder
Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
National Natural Science Foundation of China
National One Thousand Foreign Experts Plan
National Key R&D Program of China
Russian Science Foundation
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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