Author:
Majaliwa Edna S.,Muze Kandi,Godfrey Evance,Byashalira Kenneth,Mmbaga Blandina T,Ramaiya Kaushik,Mfinanga Sayoki G
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Data for latent tuberculosis in patients with type 1 Diabetes in Africa is limited. We assessed the prevalence of latent tuberculosis in youth and children with type 1 Diabetes in Dar es Salaam –Tanzania.
Methods
Our cross-sectional study recruited children and youth with T1DM by stage of puberty, glycaemic control, and age at diagnosis from January to December 2021 in Dar es Salaam. Participants were screened for the presence of latent Tuberculosis using the QuantiFERON test. A positive test was considered to have latent TB.
Results
Of the 281 participants, the mean age was 19 (± 6) years, 51.2% were female, and 80.8% had either a primary or secondary level of education at baseline. The prevalence of latent TB was 14.9% and was slightly higher in females (52.4%) than in males. This difference, however, was insignificant (p > 0.05). On the other hand, the proportion of latent TB was significantly higher in uncontrolled HbA1c levels (76.2%) than in those with controlled HbA1c (23.8%) [p = 0.046]. Duration of diabetes and age at diagnosis did not affect the occurrence of latent Tuberculosis [p > 0.05]. Meanwhile, in the regression model, participants with latent TB were more likely to have uncontrolled HbA1c. [p = 0.045]
Conclusions
Despite the methodological limitations, this survey highlights the high prevalence of latent TB among children and youth with diabetes; shouting for better control. These results clearly show the need to screen for Tuberculosis in children and youth with diabetes and start them on prevention as per protocol, especially in tuberculosis-endemic areas like Tanzania.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Reference42 articles.
1. Ogbera AO, Kapur A, Abdur-Razzaq H, Harries AD, Ramaiya K, Adeleye O, et al. Clinical profile of Diabetes Mellitus in Tuberculosis. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2015;3(1):1–6.
2. Siddiqui A. Role of Diabetes in prevalence of Tuberculosis. J Diabetes Metab. 2012;02(09).
3. Hayashi S, Chandramohan D. Risk of active Tuberculosis among people with Diabetes Mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis. Trop Med Int Heal. 2018;23(10):1058–70.
4. Baldé NM, Camara A, Camara LM, Diallo MM, Kaké A, Bah-Sow OY. Associated Tuberculosis and Diabetes in Conakry, Guinea: prevalence and clinical characteristics. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2006;10(9):1036–40.
5. Boillat-Blanco N, Ramaiya KL, Mganga M, Minja LT, Bovet P, Schindler C, et al. Transient hyperglycemia in patients with Tuberculosis in Tanzania: implications for Diabetes screening algorithms. J Infect Dis. 2016;213(7):1163–72.