Adherence, safety and efficacy of antiretroviral therapy among children at a tertiary hospital in India

Abstract

Abstract Background Successful response to treatment of HIV infection is largely determined by adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and manifests as an improvement in CD4 counts. Certain challenges to attaining high rates of adherence are specific to the paediatric population since children are dependent on a caregiver and are not often disclosed with the status of being infected. Analysing the factors affecting adherence, monitoring the side effects related to therapy and the progress of CD4 counts will help identify challenges to treatment and improve quality of life in these children. Results 89.6% of children (n = 86) showed optimal adherence to ART. The relationship of the caregiver to the child (biological parents) and the rise in CD4 count were the only factors found to be significantly associated with adherence to ART. The most reported side effect following ART was a skin rash, associated with the use of Nevirapine. Conclusions Adherence to ART in the paediatric age group can be improved by facilitating counselling services and regular monitoring of therapy in children who are not under direct care of their biological parents. Monitoring the safety profile of ART along with the CD4 count is necessary to limit adverse effects and monitor efficacy to treatment.