Comparison of mini-open reduction and autologous bone grafting with closed reduction and intramedullary device insertion for tibial shaft fractures: a retrospective study

Abstract

Abstract Background We compared the clinical efficacy of mini-open reduction and autologous bone grafting (GM) and closed reduction (GC) using intramedullary nailing for the treatment of tibial shaft fractures. Methods This retrospective study included 70 tibial shaft fractures treated with GM or GC between January 2018 and December 2021. The demographic characteristics and clinical outcomes were compared between the two treatment methods. Results This study included 70 patients who were followed-up for 12.4 months. In total, 31 and 39 patients were treated with GM and GC, respectively. The operative duration was significantly shorter for GM (95.2 ± 19.3 min) than for GC (105.5 ± 22.2 min, p = 0.0454). The number of radiation times was significantly lower for GM (14.7 ± 6.3) than for GC (22.2 ± 9.2, p < 0.005). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of the wound complication or infection rates. The malunion and nonunion rates were high after GC than after GM, but there are no significant differences between the groups. Conclusions Closed reduction and intramedullary nailing remains the first choice for tibial shaft fractures. GM is a safe and effective treatment worth considering. Future prospective randomized controlled trials are warranted.