Three-dimensional printed custom-made modular talus prosthesis in patients with talus malignant tumor resection

Abstract

Abstract Background Talar malignant tumor is extremely rare. Currently, there are several alternative management options for talus malignant tumor including below-knee amputation, tibio-calcaneal arthrodesis, and homogenous bone transplant while their shortcomings limited the clinical application. Three-dimensional (3D) printed total talus prosthesis in talus lesion was reported as a useful method to reconstruct talus, however, most researches are case reports and its clinical effect remains unclear. Therefore, the current study was to explore the application of 3D printed custom-made modular prosthesis in talus malignant tumor. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the patients who received the 3D printed custom-made modular prosthesis treatment due to talus malignant tumor in our hospital from February 2016 to December 2021. The patient's clinical data such as oncology outcome, operation time, and volume of blood loss were recorded. The limb function was evaluated with the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society 93 (MSTS-93) score, The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score; the ankle joint ranges of motion as well as the leg length discrepancy were evaluated. Plain radiography and Tomosynthesis-Shimadzu Metal Artefact Reduction Technology (T-SMART) were used to evaluate the position of prosthesis and the osseointegration. Postoperative complications were recorded. Results The average patients’ age and the follow-up period were respectively 31.5 ± 13.1 years; and 54.8 months (range 26–72). The medium operation time was 2.4 ± 0.5 h; the intraoperative blood loss was 131.7 ± 121.4 ml. The mean MSTS-93 and AOFAS score was 26.8 and 88.5 respectively. The average plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, varus, and valgus were 32.5, 9.2, 10.8, and 5.8 degree respectively. One patient had delayed postoperative wound healing. There was no leg length discrepancy observed in any patient and good osseointegration was observed on the interface between the bone and talus prosthesis in all subjects. Conclusion The modular structure of the prosthesis developed in this study seems to be convenient for prosthesis implantation and screws distribution. And the combination of solid and porous structure improves the initial stability and promotes bone integration. Therefore, 3D printed custom-made modular talus prosthesis could be an alternative option for talus reconstruction in talus malignant tumor patients.