Epilepsy as the symptom of a spinocerebellar ataxia 13 in a patient presenting with a mutation in the KCNC3 gene

Abstract

Abstract Background The spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) refer to a diverse group of neurodegenerative illnesses that vary clinically and genetically. One of the rare subtypes within this group is SCA13, caused by mutations in the KCNC3 gene. Currently, the prevalence of SCA13 remains uncertain, with only a couple of cases being documented in the Chinese population. This study presented a case study of SCA13, where the patient exhibited clinical symptoms of epilepsy and ataxia. The confirmation of the diagnosis was done through Whole Exome Sequncing. Case presentation Since childhood, the seventeen-year-old patient has not been capable of participating in numerous sporting activities and has experienced multiple episodes of unconsciousness within the last two years. The neurological evaluation showed a lack of coordination in the lower limbs. Cerebellar atrophy was detected through brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The patient’s gene detection results showed that they exhibit a heterozygous c.1268G > A mutation in the KCNC3 gene located at chr19:50826942. Antiepileptic treatment was promptly administered to the patient, and as a result, her epileptic seizures were resolved quickly. She has since remained free of seizures. After a one-year follow-up, there was no apparent improvement in the patient’s health status except seizure free, which may have worsened. Conclusion The case study highlights the importance of actively combining cranial MRI with genetic detection in patients with ataxia of no known cause, particularly in children and young patients, to establish an possibly obvious detection. Patients who are young and have ataxia that is first accompanied by extrapyramidal and epilepsy syndromes should be aware of the potential of having SCA13.