Prospective study to evaluate radioactive iodine of 20 mCi vs 10–15 mCi in Graves’ disease

Abstract

Abstract Objectives To assess whether increasing radioactive iodine dose can increase treatment efficacy in Graves’ disease. Methods A prospective study was conducted, including 106 patients receiving 20 mCi (740 MBq) radioactive iodine (RAI), compared with a retrospective data, including 113 patients receiving 10–15 mCi (370–555 MBq) RAI. Remission and failure rates were evaluated at 6 months post-RAI. Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression and Kaplan–Meier curves. Results Patients receiving 20 mCi RAI demonstrated a significantly higher remission rate compared to the 10–15 mCi group (82.1% vs 66.4%, p = 0.009). Median time to remission was shorter in the 20 mCI group (3 vs 4 months, p = 0.002). Hypothyroidism at 6 months was more prevalent in the 20 mCi group (67% vs 53%, p = 0.03). Larger thyroid size (> 60 g) was associated with treatment failure (p = 0.02). Conclusions Higher dosage (20 mCi) RAI showed superior efficacy in achieving remission compared to lower dosages (10–15 mCi) in Graves’ disease treatment.