Clinical M2 macrophages-related genes to aid therapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Abstract

Abstract Background Increasing evidence supports that infiltration M2 Macrophages act as pivotal player in tumor progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Nonetheless, comprehensive analysis of M2 Macrophage infiltration and biological roles of hub genes (FAM53B) in clinical outcome and immunotherapy was lack. Method The multiomic data of PDAC samples were downloaded from distinct datasets. CIBERSORT algorithm was performed to uncover the landscape of TIME. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify candidate module and significant genes associated with M2 Macrophages. Kaplan-Meier curve and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were applied for prognosis value validation. Mutation data was analyzed by using “maftools” R package. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) was employed to assign pathway activity estimates to individual sample. Immunophenoscore (IPS) was implemented to estimate immunotherapeutic significance of risk score. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of chemotherapeutic drugs was predicted by using the pRRophetic algorithm. Finally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine FAM53B mRNA expression and TIMER database was utilized to uncover its possible role in immune infiltration of PDAC. Results Herein, 17,932 genes in 234 samples (214 tumor and 20 normal) were extracted from three platforms. Taking advantage of WGCNA, significant module (royalblue) and 135 candidate genes were considered as M2 Macrophages-related genes. Subsequently, risk signature including 5 hub genes was developed by multiple analysis, which exhibited excellent prognostic performance. Besides, comprehensive prognostic nomogram was constructed to quantitatively estimate risk. Then, intrinsic link between risk score with tumor mutation burden (TMB) was explored. Additionally, risk score significantly correlated with diversity of tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). PDAC samples within different risk presented diverse signaling pathways activity and experienced significantly distinct sensitivity to administering chemotherapeutic or immunotherapeutic agents. Finally, the biological roles of FAM53B were revealed in PDAC. Conclusions Taken together, comprehensive analyses of M2 Macrophages profiling will facilitate prognostic prediction, delineating complexity of TIME, and contribute insight into precision therapy for PDAC.