Silencing of PSMC2 inhibits development and metastasis of prostate cancer through regulating proliferation, apoptosis and migration

Abstract

Abstract Background Prostate cancer is the most common malignant tumor of male genitourinary system, molecular mechanism of which is still not clear. PSMC2 (proteasome 26S subunit ATPase 2) is a key member of the 19S regulatory subunit of 26S proteasome, whose relationship with prostate cancer is rarely studied. Methods Here, expression of PSMC2 in tumor tissues or cells of prostate cancer was detected by qPCR, western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis. The effects of PSMC2 knockdown on cell proliferation, colony formation, cell migration, cell cycle and apoptosis were assessed by Celigo cell counting assay, colony formation assay, wound-healing assay, Transwell assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The influence of PSMC2 knockdown on tumor growth in vivo was evaluated by mice xenograft models. Results The results demonstrated that PSMC2 was upregulated in tumor tissues of prostate cancer and its high expression was significantly associated with advanced Gleason grade and higher Gleason score. Knockdown of PSMC2 could inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation and cell migration of prostate cancer cells, while promoting cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The suppression of tumor growth in vivo by PSMC2 knockdown was also showed by using mice xenograft models. Moreover, the regulation of prostate cancer by PSMC2 may be mediated by Akt/Cyclin D1/CDK6 signaling pathway. Conclusions Therefore, our studies suggested that PSMC2 may act as a tumor promotor in the development and progression of prostate cancer, and could be considered as a novel therapeutic target for prostate cancer treatment.